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Teaching Schedule Of Physiology And Biochemistry Department
| DAY/TIME | MONDAY | WEDNESDAY | FRIDAY |
| 08.15 – 09.15 a.m | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE |
| 09.15 – 10.15 a.m | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE |
| 10.15 – 10.30 a.m | RECESS | ||
| 10.30 – 11.30 a.m | BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE | BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE | BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE |
| 11.30 – 12.30 p.m | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE | BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE | PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE |
| 12.30 – 01.30 p.m | LUNCH BREAK | ||
| 01.30 – 04.30 p.m | PHYS/BIOCHEM PRACTICALS & TUTORIALS | PHYS/BIOCHEM PRACTICALS & TUTORIALS | PHYS/BIOCHEM PRACTICALS & TUTORIALS |
THEORY SYLLABUS
Structural formulae are not obligatory.
| Sr.No. | TOPIC | Paper | Teacher | NOL |
| 1. | Cell:Molecular and functional organization of a cell and its sub cellular components. | I | Dr.Dipnaik | 1 |
| 2. | Carbohydrate Chemistry:Classification and biochemical importance, chemistry and functions of monosaccharides (excluding isomerism), disaccharides and polysaccharides including glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). | II | Dr. Bina | 4 |
| 3. | Protein Chemistry:General nature of amino acids, various ways of classification of amino acids, biologically important peptides, classification, properties and biological importance of proteins, structural organization of proteins, plasma proteins-functions, clinical significance of various fractions, methods of separation (only principle). | I | Dr. Ingale | 4 |
| 4. | Lipid Chemistry:Classification and biological importance of triacylglycerol, phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids (PUFA), prostaglandin, steroids and lipoproteins. | II | Dr. Pooja | 4 |
| 5. | Nucleic Acid Chemistry:Nucleosides, nucleotides, biologically important free nucleotides, structure and function of DNA and RNA, genetic code, DNA replication, transcription, translation, chain initiation, chain elongation, chain termination, inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. | I | Dr. Mane | 5 |
| Enzymes:General nature, classification of enzymes, specificity and mode of action of enzymes, factors affecting enzyme activity, enzyme inhibitions (Kinetics not required), clinical importance (Diagnostic, therapeutic and as a Laboratory reagent) of enzymes and isoenzymes. | I | Dr. Dipnaik | 6 | |
| 7. | Fat soluble vitamins:General nature, classification, sources, active forms and metabolic role, deficiency manifestations, daily requirement and hypervitaminosis. | I | Dr. Dave | 3 |
| 8. | Water Soluble Vitamins:General nature, classification, sources, active forms and metabolic role, deficiency manifestations, daily requirement and hypervitaminosis. | I | Dr Dave | 5 |
| 9. | Biological Oxidation:General concept of oxidation and reduction, role of enzymes and co-enzymes, electron transport chain, substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation, role of uncouplers and inhibitors. | I | Dr. Dipnaik | 2 |
| 10. | Carbohydrate Metabolism:Biochemical aspects of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, synthesis and break down of glycogen, glycolysis, rapoportlubering cycle, citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, HMP shunt pathway and its biological significance, uronic acid pathway (significance only), metabolism of galactose and galactosemia, blood sugar level and its regulation, oral GTT and glycosuria, biochemistry of diabetes mellitus. | II | Dr. Bina | 6 |
| 11. | Protein Metabolism:Biochemical aspects of digestion and absorption of proteins fate of amino acid in the body, (Deamination,Transmination,Transdeamination,Decarboxylation), fates of ammonia (Urea cycle, glutamine formation), metabolism of aromatic and sulphur containing amino acids and their inborn errors, metabolism of glycine. | I | Dr. Ingale | 6 |
| 12. | Lipid Metabolism:Biochemical aspects of digestion and absorption of lipids, beta oxidation, biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids only, cholesterol biosynthesis, transport (role of HDL & LDL),excretion, ketogenesis, ketolysis and ketosis, adipose tissue metabolism, lipolysis and re-esterification, fatty liver and atherosclerosis. | II | Dr. Pooja | 6 |
| 13. | Nucleic Acid Metabolism:Biosynthesis of purines (Sources of ring & regulatory steps only, conversion of IMP to GMP & AMP) and salvage pathway, biosynthesis of pyrimidines, breakdown of purines and pyrimidines, gout, Lesch- Nyhan syndrome. | I | Dr. Mane | 2 |
| 14. | Mineral Metabolism:Study of (i) Calcium and phosphorous (ii) Sodium, potassium & chloride; (iii) Magnesium, copper and iodine, (iv) Iron, (v) Manganese, selenium, zinc and fluoride. Their importance in body in brief. | II | 4 | |
| 15. | Water and Electrolyte balance | II | Dr Pooja | 2 |
| 16. | Hemoglobin Chemistry & Metabolism:Chemistry and functions of haemoglobin, types of normal and abnormal hemoglobins (HbS, M, Thalassemia),Haemoglobin derivatives, synthesis and break down of haemoglobin, porphyria (in brief), fate of bilirubin, different types of jaundice. | I | Dr. Dave | 5 |
| 17. | Integration and Starvation Metabolism | II | Dr.Dipnaik | 2 |
| 18. | Organ function Tests:(i) Liver function tests,(ii) Kidney function tests & (iii) Thyroid function tests. | II | Dr. Bina | 3 |
| 19. | Acid base balance | II | Dr. Dipnaik | 2 |
| 20. | Genetics:Recombinant DNA, Restriction endonuclease, chimeric molecule, and gene library, applications of recombinant DNA technology in relation to medicine. | I | Dr. Mane | 3 |
| 21. | Detoxification:(Bio-transformation) Oxidation, reduction, conjugation, hydrolysis. | I | Dr. Dipnaik | 2 |
| 22. | Nutrition:Balanced diet for normal adult, quality of dietary protein,SDA, protein energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor and Marasmus). | I | 2 | |
| 23. | Mechanism of Hormone Action:General characteristics and mechanism of hormone action, cAMP the second messenger, phosphatidyl inositol /calcium system as second messenger. | II | 1 | |
| 24. | Free radicals and antioxidants | II | 1 | |
| 25. | Immunoglobulin chemistry: Structure &functions. | I | 1 | |
| 26. | Cancer:Carcinogens, and outline mechanism of carcinogenesis. | II | 1 | |
| 27. | Radio Isotopes in Medicine:Uses of radioisotopes (therapeutic, diagnostic) and hazards. | II | 1 | |
| 28. | Environmental Biochemistry:Definition, chemical stress, air & water pollution. | II | 1 |
Note : Number of lectures (NOL) may vary slightly.
Paper wise distribution of theory topics
Paper- I :
1. Molecular and functional organization of a cell and its sub-cellular components.
2. Chemistry of enzymes and their clinical applications.
3. Chemistry and metabolism of proteins and related disorders.
4. Chemistry and metabolism of purines and pyrimidines and related disorders.
5. Chemistry and functions of DNA and RNA, Genetic code, Protein biosynthesis & regulation (Lac-operon).
6. The principles of genetic engineering and their applications in medicine.
7. Chemistry and Metabolism of haemoglobin.
8. Biological oxidation.
9. Molecular concept of body defence and their applications in medicine.
10. Vitamins and Nutrition.
Paper – II:
1. Chemistry and metabolism of carbohydrates and related disorders.
2. Chemistry and metabolism of lipids and related disorders.
3. Mineral metabolism: Water and electrolyte balance & imbalance.
4. Acid base balance and imbalance.
5. Integration of various aspects of metabolism and their regulatory pathways.
Starvation metabolism.
6. Mechanism of hormone action.
7. Environmental biochemistry.
8. Liver function tests, Kidney function tests, Thyroid function tests.
9. Detoxification mechanisms.
10. Biochemical basis of cancer and carcinogenesis.
11. Radioisotopes.
12. Investigation techniques: (LCD-Topics) Colorimeter,
Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Flame photometer & pH measurement.
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
| Sr.No | NAME OF PRACTICAL | GRP |
| 1 | Tests for Monosaccharides | B |
| 2 | Tests for Disaccharides and Osazones | B & C |
| 3 | Tests for Polysaccharides | B |
| 4 | Precipitation reactions of Proteins | B |
| 5 | Colour reactions of Proteins | B |
| 6 | Urine; Physical characteristics and normal constituents | B |
| 7 | Urine report; Physical characteristics and abnormal constituents | B |
| 8 | Spectroscopic examination of Hb -derivatives (Oxy Hb; deoxyHb; meth-Hb) | C |
| 9 | Determination of serum Total Protein, Albumin and A/G ratio | A |
| 10 | Estimation of blood Sugar | A |
| 11 | Estimation of blood Urea | A |
| 12 | Estimation of total serum Bilirubin | A |
| 13 | Estimation of serum Calcium | A |
| 14 | Estimation of serum Phosphorus (Inorganic) | B |
| 15 | C.S.F- Sugar | A |
| 16 | C.S.F- Protein | B |
| 17 | Estimation of serum Alkaline Phosphatase | A |
| 18 | Estimation of S.G.P.T( ALT ) | A |
| 19 | Estimation of S.G.O.T (AST) | A |
| 20 | Estimation of serum Amylase | A |
| 21 | Serum Uric acid. | A |
| 22 | Estimation of i) Serum creatinine ii) Urine creatinine | B |
| 23 | Estimation of serum Cholesterol. | B |
| Lecture –cum- Demonstrations :( Will be conducted during practical classes)Paper II-Topic 12 | ||
| 1 | pH- meter. | |
| 2 | Colorimetry. | |
| 3 | Electrophoresis. | |
| 4 | Chromatography. | |
| 5 | Flame photometry. | |
QUESTIONWISE DISTRIBUTION OF PRACTICALS
Group A:
1. Blood Sugar
2. Blood Urea
3. Serum Total Protein, Albumin and A/G ratio
4. Alanine transaminase(SGPT)
5. Aspartate transaminase(SGOT)
6. Alkaline phosphatase
7. Serum amylase
8. Serum total bilirubin
9. Serum uric acid
10. Serum calcium
11. CSF sugar.
12, Serum Creatinine
Group B:
1. Urinary Creatinine
2. Serum cholesterol
3. Serum phosphorus
4. CSF protein
5. Tests for monosaccharides
6. Tests for disaccharides
7. Colour reactions of proteins
8. Precipitation reactions of proteins
9. Normal Organic constituentsofurine
10. Abnormal constituents of urine
Group C (Spots):
1. Identification of osazones
2. Use of reagents.
3. Principle of qualitative tests.
4. Significance of tests.
5. Use of Instruments.
5. Identification of Hb – derivative
6. Identification of GTT, Electrophoretogram and Chromatogram.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry for Medical students by D.M.Vasudevan & Shree Kumari.(6thed.)
2. Medical Biochemistry – U.Satyanarayan.(3rded.)
3. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry by Rafi MD.(2nded.)
4. Medical Biochemistry by Debajyoti Das.(14thed.)
5.Textbook of Medical Biochemistry by Dinesh Puri.(3rded.)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Harper’s Biochemistry.(29th ed.)
2. Medical Biochemistry by N.V.Bhagwan.(4thed.)
3. Biochemistry by L.Stryer.(5thed.)
4. Biochemistry by Orten & Neuhans.(10thed.)
EXAMINATION PATTERN
TERMINAL EXAMINATION (THEORY & PRACTICAL)
THEORY:
It is usually held immediately after winter (Diwali) vacation.
It consists of only one paper which will include all topics of paper 1 and paper 2.till the date of the examination.This paper contains Section A, B, & C.
TOTAL MARKS : 60 DURATION : 2 ½ Hours
Section A- Multiple Choice Question -12 Marks
24 MCQ’s x ½ mark each – 12 Marks
Section B – SAQ (Short Answer Question)-24 Marks
a) Answer any three out of four (3×4 marks) – 12 marks
b) Answer any three out of four (3×4 marks) – 12 marks
Section C – LAQ (Long Answer Question)-24 Marks
Answer any three out of four (3×8 marks) – 24 marks.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION (Only theory, no practical examination)
TOTAL MARKS : 30 DURATION : 2 Hours
Midterm exam marks are not included for internal assessment.
It is usually held in the month of January. It consists of only one paper which will include all topics of Paper1 as well as Paper 2 after terminals till the date of the examination. This paper contains Section A&B only.
Section A- SAQ (Short Answer Question)-12 marks.
Answer any three out of four (3×4 marks) –12 marks
Section B- LAQ (Long Answer Question)-18 marks.
Answer any two out of three (2 x 9 marks) – 18 marks
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION –(THEORY & PRACTICAL)
It will be exactly as per MUHS examination pattern.
THEORY :
The theory exam in Biochemistry will consist of two papers.
Paper 1 (50 marks) Duration: 2 ½ hours.
Paper 2 (50 marks) Duration: 2 ½ hours
Both the papers will contain Section A, B and C.
Section A – MCQ (Multiple Choice Question)-10 marks
Based on single best answer (20MCQ’s x ½ mark each)
Section B – SAQ (Short Answer Question)-24 marks
Answer any six out of seven (6x4marks) ,out of which 2 questions are based on applied aspects.
Section C – LAQ (Long Answer Question)-16 marks
Answer any two out of three (2x8marks)
PRACTICALS :Terminal& Preliminary examination
The practical exam pattern for terminal and prelim exam will be the same. Practical examination in biochemistry will be of two hours duration and will be of 40 marks.
Q.1. One quantitative experiment from Group A- 20 marks.
(15 marks for experiment and 5 marks for table viva)
Q.2. One quantitative/quantitative experiment from Group B-15 marks.
(10 marks for experiment and 5 marks for table viva)
Q.3. Spot identification from Group C-(5 spots for one mark each)
Ist MBBS UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION
The scheme of MUHS final examinations is stated below-
a) Theory Paper I – 50 marks
Paper II – 50 marks
b) Oral (viva-voce) – 20 marks
c) Practicals – 40 marks
d) Internal assessment – Theory – 20 marks
Practicals -20 marks
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
THEORY : 20 Marks
Terminal 60 Marks+ Prelims 100 Marks = Total 160 Marks
Formula for calculation = Marks obtained in terrminals + Prelims
8
PRACTICALS : 20 Marks
Terminal 40 Marks+ Prelims 40 Marks = Total 80 Marks
Formula for calculation = Marks obtained in terrminals + Prelims
4
Fractional marks obtained in internal assessment are converted to the nearest next integer. e.g. 8.01 to 8.49 marks are rounded off to 8.0 and 8.50 to 8.99 are rounded off to 9.0.
Standard of passing :
The student must secure at least 35% marks of the total marks fixed for internal assessment in a particular subject in order to be eligible to appear for the final university examination of that subject. If any student has not secured a minimum of 35% marks in the internal assessment exam, he / she will not be eligible to appear for university Theory, Oral and Practical exams of the respective subject.
ATTENDANCE :
Minimum 75% of attendance for theory and 80% for practicals is mandatory, so as to appear for university examination of the respective subject.
LIST OF SPOTS
1. Identify the given Osazones (Glucosazones / Fructosazones,Maltosazones,Lactosazones)
2. Identify the given bloodpigment (Oxyhemoglobin 1:200,Oxyhemoglobin 1:25, Reduced hemoglobin, Methemoglobin)
3. Give the Principle of
a) Benedict’s test
b) Barfoed’s test
c) Fehling’s test
d) Nylander’s test
e) Seliwanoff’s test
f) Rapid furfural test
g) Molisch test
h) Biuret test
i) Xanthoproteic test
j) Millon’s test
k) Cole’s Aldehyde test
l) Sakaguchi test
m) Lead Acetate test
n) Specific Urease test
o) Benzidine test
p) Fouchet’s test
q) Rothera’s test
r) Flame Photometer
4. State the significance of
a) Barfoed’stest
b) Benedict’s test
c) Seliwanoff’s test
d) Rapid furfural test
e) Benzidine test
f) Fouchet’s test
g) Rothera’s test
h) Gerhardt’s test
i) Sulphosalicylic acid test
5. Give the use of
a) Urease powder
b) Sulphosalicylic acid reagent
c) Sulphur powder
d) Benzidine powder
e) Fouchet’s reagent
f) Benedict’s reagent
g) Barfoed’s reagent
h) Seliwanoff’s reagent
6. Identify the given spot and state its use
a) Cuvette
b) Urinometer
c) Folin-Wu tube
d) Combined Electrode
e) Chromatography chamber / Tank
f) Horizontal electrophoresis tank
7. Identify the given instrument and state its use
a) Colorimeter
b) pH meter
c) Flame photometer
8. Identify the given technique and state its use
a) Ascending paper chromatography
b) Circular paper chromatography
c) Electrophoresis (Electrophoretogram of plasma proteins)
9. Identify the given GTT graph and interprete
a) Normal
b) Diabetic
10. Identify the labelled band of the electrophoretogram.
QUESTION BANK